Friday, January 18, 2013

Activity 8

1. Choose any Teaching Idea from any of the Chemistry Simulations (http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/chemistry ) and post your results/data and/or answers on your blog.









2. Work with any of the Chemistry Simulations to create your own Teaching Idea. The criteria for this is as follows:
a. must identify and meet three (3) science education standards:

A.8.6 Use models and explanations to predict actions and events in the natural world.

B.4.1 Use encyclopedias, source books, texts, computers, teachers, parents, other adults, journals, popular press, and various other sources, to help answer science-related questions and plan investigations

C.4.6 Communicate the results of their investigations in ways their audiences will understand by using charts, graphs, drawings, written descriptions, and various other means, to display their answers


c. must be scientifically accurate and appropriate for the directed grade level.

Grade 8

d. must meet two (2) literacy standards.

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and events.

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narrated experiences or events.





Thursday, January 17, 2013

Activity 7

1. Review the Content Slides Acids and Bases on the D2L site.


2. Complete the Teaching Idea “Concept Questions for Chemistry using PhET” posted by Trish Loeblein on the pH Scale simulation at PHET (http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ph-scale). On your blog post the answers with your scientific explanations from the “Clicker Questions pH Scale” posted by Trish.

1. The color of solution identifies if it is an acid, base, or neutral solution.
B. False, The PH scale identifies what it is.

2. What solution is basic?
Answer- D. More than one.

3. What solution is acidic?
Answer-C.

4. Which solution is basic?
B. The OH- level is higher.

5. Which solution is acidic?
Answer- D

6. How will adding water effect the pH?
A. The more water=acicidy goes down, which means pH levels go up.

7. How will equal amount of water effect the pH?
B. Decreases the pH.

8. What is the order from most acidic to most basic?
A. ABC the lower pH means the more acidic.

9. What is the order from most acidic to most basic?
C. BAC

10. If spit has a pH=7.4, what does that tell you about the water equilibrium?
A. Something was added that made the equilibrium shift left. 



3. Complete the Teaching Idea “Intro to Strong and Weak Acids and Bases” posted by Chris Bires on the Acid-Base Solutions simulation (http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/acid-base-solutions) and post on your blog your data and answers to the questions posed.





Tuesday, January 15, 2013

Activity 6


1. Convert 0°F, 32°F, 70°F, and 212°F to Kelvin

0 degrees Fahrenheit= 255.22 degrees Kelvin
32 degrees Fahrenheit= 273 degrees Kelvin
212 degrees Fahrenheit= 373 degrees Kelvin

2. Complete the Teaching Idea: States of Matter Simulation Lab by Kelly Vaughan. Complete the lab worksheet as if you
were a student, and then post this on your blog.
You can scan it or just take a picture of it.




 
3. In the States of Matter simulation, choose the Solid, Liquid, and Gas Tab at the top of the screen. Choose the water molecule and cool the water to 0 K. Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms?

The molecules are barely moving and the hydrogen molecules are drawn to the oxygen molecules.  Cold is attracted to cold and the hot is repelled from the hot.

4. Switch to the Phase Changes Tab on the States of Matter simulation. Notice how on the bottom right there is a small red dot that indicates where the system is at as far as temperature, pressure and state of matter. Play with the simulation to notice changes, notice that when you push down the pressure can go way up and explode the box. On your blog, report a temperature and pressure required to make oxygen a liquid. This is sometimes how the oxygen exists in pressurized oxygen tanks, perhaps like ones you may use to go diving.


60 ATM

57 K


5. List and describe at least two Science Standards that this activity addresses.

A. 4.3 When investigating a science-related probelm decide what data can be collected to determine the most useful explanations.
We had to investigate throughout this experiment and explain what was happening.

A. 8.6 Use models and explanations to predict actions and events in the natural world.

We had to predict in the worksheet and describe states of matter which happens in the natural world.

Activity 5

To complete Activity 5, complete the tasks below:
1. Run the Build an Atom simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom and build a neutral lithium atom and a neutral boron atom. Take a picture, or a screen shot, of these two atoms and place them on your blog. List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each. Also look up and post the density for each of the elements on your blog.


Lithium:
Protons: 3
Neutrons: 3
Electrons: 3
Density: .534 g/cm3



Boron:
Protons: 5
Neutrons: 5
Electrons: 5
Denisity: 2.34 g/cm3




2. Define density and the equation for density and post on your blog.

Density is mass per unit volume. 
The equation of density is mass divided by volume: d=m/v


3. Run the Density simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/density and complete one(your choice) of the prepared Teaching Ideas and post your results on your blog. The activity you choose should be one of the student intended activities.


Prelab Questions:
Name: Tiffany Haas___­­­­­­­­­__________________________
Class Period: _____________________________


Floating and Sinking:
Pre Lab Questions:

You have a block, and you see that it floats in water.

What could it be made of?

Ice

What do you think will happen if you make a bigger block out of the same material?  Will it float or sink?

Float
You have another block that sinks.

What could it be made of?

Aluminum


What do you think will happen if you make a smaller block out of the same material?  Will it float or sink?

Sink                 

Why do you think Block #1 floats and Block #2 sinks?

Block 1 floats because it is less dense than block 2.

Post Lab Questions:



 
4. Complete the Mystery Blocks activity on the Density simulation. Post on your blog the data you collected (mass, volume, and density) and the identification of the material and the known density.
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6
Blocks Mass (kg) Volumne (L) Density (kg/L) Identification of material Know Density of Material Identified
A 65.14 3.38 19.27 Gold 19.3
B 0.64 0.64 1 Water 1
C 4.08 4.08 1 water 1
D 3.1 3.1 1 water 1
E 3.53 1 3.53 Diamond 3.53

5. Identify and post on your blog the Science Standards that could be met through these activities completed in Activity 5


A.4.1 When conducting science investigations, ask and answer questions that will help decide the general areas of science being addressed.


A. 4.2 When faced with a science-related problem, decide what evidence, models, or explanations previously studied can be used to better understand what is happening now.

A. 4.3 When investigating a science-related problem, decide what data can be collected to determine the most useful explanations.

A. 8.3 Defend explanations and models by collecting and organizing evidence that supports them and critiqu explanations and models by collecting and organizing eviden that conflicts with them. 


C. 4.5 Use data they have collected to develop explanations and answer questions generated by investigations.

Friday, January 11, 2013

Activity 4

To complete Activity 4, choose a sub-standard under each of the Standards A thru H and describe something that you have done either in this class or outside of this class, perhaps in previous classes, that indicates that you have met the sub-standard. Each of these descriptions should be at least a paragraph long.

Substandard A: A.4.1 When conducting science investigations, ask and answer questions that will help decide the general areas of science being addressed

I developed a science lesson for my Science Curriculum class in college and taught it to students.  Sutdents compared and contrasted the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases with a Smart Board presentation.  They then were given an experiment to do called jumping raisins.  They first all made a prediction.  Then One student in each group was in charge of the soda bottle, 1 student was in charge of the balloon, and 1 student was in charge of the salt. The last student (if any) can be in charge of recording the data collected. I Instructed the soda student to hold onto the bottle with both hands to keep it steady. I Instructed the balloon student to open the end of the balloon and hold it over the aluminum tray.  I also Instructed the salt student to pour the contents of the Dixie cup into the balloon.  Then I Instructed the balloon student to place the opening of the balloon onto the opening of the soda bottle while the soda student holds the bottle steady.  I then told the salt student to raise the balloon as the balloon student holds the openings together and the soda student holds the bottle. Allow the salt to enter the bottle.  They all recorded their observations and identfied if their predictions came true.

B.4.1 Use encyclopedias, source books, texts, computers, teachers, parents, other adults, journals, popular press, and various other sources, to help answer science-related questions and plan investigations.

I did this in my Curriculum Science class in college for a phenelogy project.  We had to take pictures, take notes in our journals, and answer the overall science related questions we had to write before we started the experiment.  I did mine on the changing of fall leaves.  I had to take pictures once every week for two months straight while documenting what I saw happening every single day for those two months with scientific terminology. 

C.4.2 Use the science content being learned to ask questions, plan investigations, make observations, make predictions, and offer explanations.

I had to develop a science lesson for my Science Curriculum class in college and teach it to students.  It was on the states of matter: liquid.  The students were introduced to liquids through a Smart Board presentation then were given an experiment to observe and journal about.  I hot glued crayons on top of a canvas.  Then took a blow dryer and went back and forth over the crayons until they slowly started to melt down the canvas to create art.  Throughout I asked the students questions and gave them explanations.  After they were given the chance to write down what they observed.

 D.4.3. Understand that substances can exist in different states-solid, liquid, gas.

In my Science Curriculum class we had to do a whole unit on solids, liquids and gas.  I taught them the introduction of solids, liquids, and gases through a Smart Board presentation.  Then did an experiment, that I taught, to the students which was called ooze.  The children had to create ooze in groups with cornstarch, water, measuring cups, a bowl, and food coloring.  Once it was made I asked them questions about what it felt like and what was happening.  The ooze would become a sold when you rubbed it between your hands and then when you opened your hand it would turn to liquid. 

E.4.1 Investigate that earth materials are composed of rocks and soils and correctly use the vocabulary for rocks, minerals, and soils during these investigations.

This I did in college in my Geology class.  The teacher passed around rocks and minerals for us students to observe and write about.  We had to describe characteristics of the rocks and draw them on paper in our notebooks.  We also had to take a test on this unit by creating a sketch of a rock while writing what kind it was and the characteristics we knew and learned about regarding the rock you drew. 

F.4.2 Investigate* how organisms, especially plants, respond to both internal cues (the need for water) and external cues (changes in the environment).

In my Science class called Plants, Animals, and You that I took Senior year in high school we had to plant our own plants in the green house and take care of it by watering it and observing it everyday.  We did this until our plants grew and our journal was complete.  In the journal we had to document the plants progress.

G.4.5 Ask questions to find answers about how devices and machines were invented and produced.

In my technology class in college my Freshmen year we had to interview someone that used technology in their career.  We then had to write a research paper on when it was invented and how we could apply that technology in our future career.  As a future teacher I interviewed a teacher who used computers in her room so I related it to how I could use computers in my future classroom.

H.4.1 Describe* how science and technology have helped, and in some cases hindered, progress in providing better food, more rapid information, quicker and safer transportation, and more effective health care.

In my science class in high school we had to write a paper on a professional journal.  We had to do it on how science and technology is improving.  We had to summarize the article and reflect on what we thought about the article.  My article was on the improvement of cars and the progress it has made. 


Also for this activity, you are to explore the Next Generation Science Standards. These are new standards that are being proposed at the federal level that many states, including Wisconsin, are now in the process of developing adoption plans.
http://www.nextgenscience.org/

As you explore this site, and perhaps others that are related, anser the following three questions.
1. What do you see are big changes compared to the previous standards?
I feel like it is a good idea to update the standarts to todays century.  Our world is always changing and its important to keep students up-to-date on society.  Teachers need to keep students progressing at the same pace that the world is progressing.  The new standards are more hands-on and gives students the opportunity to experience what is happening by doing it on their own and learning from it.

2. How are these standards connected to the other displines such as math and literacy?
Literacy and math have alot to do with concepts, ideas, and practices which are the three dimensions of the Next Generation Science Standards.  The students are able to do hands-on activties along with learning about how to brainstorm.  These new standards tie in alot of content and other curriculum that will help students in the long run. 

3. What do you see will be challenges for teachers when considering some of the changes in the proposed science standards?
Some challenges I see is that teachers who have been teaching for a long time already have a set in stone curriculum process and lesson plans that they repeatedly use each year with the old standards tied into them.  They are going to have to change their lesson plans to fit the new standards. 

Tuesday, January 8, 2013

Activity 3

1. Post a picture of three 3-dimensional Ball and Stick molecular models(choose your three favorite molecules) that you have created with common items around your home. Also post a molecular structure image(image from the web, of either a Kekule Structure or a Ball and Stick Model) and the IUPAC name of the molecule.

Ammonia
IUPAC: Azane


 
 

Sodium Bicarbonate
IUPAC: Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate


how to clean with baking soda


 


Water
IUPAC: Water Oxidane





2. Post an image from the web, the chemical systematic (IUPAC) name, common name, and the molecule formula for 20 chemicals that you use or eat. Explore the ingredients of things like cosmetics and foods.
  • Naproxen, Aleve, C14H14O3.
  • Sodium Chloride, Table Salt, NaCl

 
  •  Aluminum Chloride, Deodorant, AlCl3
 
  • Sodium Bicarbonate, Baking Soda, NaHCO3
 
 Baking Soda
  • Sodium Floride, Toothpaste, NaF
 

  • Titanium Dioxide, Wite Out, TiO2
  • Aspartame, Nutrasweet, C14H18N2O5
 
 
  • Sodium Hypochlorite, Clorox Bleach, NaClO
  • Carbon, Diamond, C
  • Calcium Carbonate, Chalk, CaCO3
  • Ethylene Oxide, Shampoo, C2H4O
  • Cadmuim, Rechargable Batteries, Cd
  • Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin, C9H8O4
 
 
  •  Dihydrogen Dioxide, Hydrogen Prioxide, 2(HO)
  • Sucrose, Sugar, C12H22O11
bag of powdered sugar
  • Poly (1-acetyloxiethylene), Glue, (C4H6O2)
glue
  •  Ethanol, Alcohol, C2H6O
 
 
  • Mercury, Mascara, Hg
  • Boron Trioxide, Glass, B2O3
  • Lead, Pencil, Pb
pencil.jpg
 
 
 
 
3. Look over your molecules and the bonding characteristics, how many bonds does each of the following elements typically have? Carbon? Hydrogen? Oxygen?
Carbon= 4 bonds
Hydrogen= 1 bond
Oxygen= 2 bonds


4. What does IUPAC stand for?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

5. As you explore ingredients, notice how everything around us is made up of chemicals consisting of atoms bound together into molecules. But what about companies that claim their products are chemical free! How can this be?

Companies claim that their products are chemical free, but however are not, because chemicals are in everything.  Chemicals can be either created in a lab or by nature.  As a customer, when it says chemical-free on a product it grabs a persons attention and makes it sound more safe to use compared to a different product.  The ingredients is where customers need to be looking and even though it may look like its all natural, there are also chemicals found within an ingredient such as certain plants. 

Monday, January 7, 2013


Activity 1

Here are three experimental questions to answer:
1. Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?
2. Does hot water or cold water boil faster?
3. Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?

Questions/Items to then include in you blog posting for this activity:
1. Pictures of your experimental materials and setup.

I will create three experiments. The first experiment I will put two tablespoons hot water in one cup and two tablespoons cold water in the second cup. I will then place both of these in the freezer and time how long it takes for them each to freeze. I will check the freezer every 5 minutes. I will record the time it took for each cup to freeze. This will be repeated three times.

In experiment two, question 2, I will put two cups hot water into one pot and two cups cold water into the other pot. The two pots will be placed on the stove on high. I will record the times it takes for both of the pots to boil. I will do this experiment three times to avoid any error. Each time I do the experiment I will replace both pots with new water. Once again, One being cold water and the other being hot water.

In experiment three, question three, I will fill one cup with with two tablespoons of water and one tablespoon of salt. The other cup I will fill with two tablespoons of regular water. These will be placed in the freezer and I will check the cups every 5 minutes. I will record the time it took for each to freeze. This will be repeated three times.

Supplies needed: 2 pots, cups, salt, a freezer, stove, measuring cups.

 


2. Your hypothesis to the questions posed.

Question 1: I believe the cold water will freeze faster than hot water because it is closer to reaching its freezing point.

Question 2: I believe that hot water will boil faster than cold water because it is closer in reaching a boiling point.

Question 3: I believe that regular water will freeze faster than the salt water because salt melts ice.


3. Data in the form of a graph or table

4. Show data of experiment repeated three times.

Experiment 1: Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?

2 tbsp hot water @ 63°C: Freeze Time
2 tbsp cold water @ 5.3°C : Freeze Time
Test 1:
10 minutes 12 seconds
8 minutes 55 seconds
Test 2:
11 minutes 4 seconds
9 minutes 10 seconds
Test 3:
10 mintues 20 seconds
8 minutes 30 seconds
Average:
10 minutes 12 seconds
8 minutes 32 seconds



Experiment 2: Does hot or cold water boil faster?


2 cups hot water @ 63°C: Boil Time
2 cups cold water @ 5.3°C: Boil Time
Test 1:
1 minutes 2 seconds
2 minutes 30 seconds
Test 2:
45 seconds
2 minutes 16 seconds
Test 3:
58 seconds
2 minutes
Average:
1 minute 35 seconds
2 minutes 23 seconds



Exeriment 3: Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?


2 tbsp water with 1 tbsp salt at room temperature
2 tbsp regular water at room temperature
Test 1:
35 minutes
9 minutes 55 seconds
Test 2:
43 minutes 10 seconds
10 minutes 58 seconds
Test 3:
42 minutes 17 seconds
10 mintues 55 seconds
Average:
40 minutes 14 seconds
10 minutes 56 seconds



5. List your controlled variables for your experiment
Controlled variables would be:
Amount of water poured into cups
Amount of salt poured into cup
How high the stove was (high)
The temperature of the freezer(3/4 to coldest temperature allowed)

6. Formulate a theory that answers the questions posed.

For the first experiment: The cold water froze faster than the hot water. After doing some research, this is because the molecules in cold water are moving slower than the hot water molecules. Also, ice water is zero degrees C. The cold water is closer to a freezing temperature.

For the second experiment: The hot water boiled faster than the cold water. The temperature for boiling water is 100 C. The hot water is closer in temperature to boiling than the cold water is.

For the third experiment: The salt water took longer to freeze than the regular water. This is because salt, which is a solute, causes the freezing point of water, which is a solvent, to be lowered.

7. Image of the atoms that make up water molecules.




8. Video or animation that shows how water molecules are arranged in the three states of matter for water.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v12xG80KcZw

9. Describe the scientific method/process and how each step correlates to your own experiments.

Step 1: Observation
The observation was the three questions that were asked. I had to observe all three experiments three times.

Step 2: Hypothesis
I formed a hypothesis for each of the questions. This helped me have a sense of direction with my experiments.

Step 3: Experiment/Testing
This is the actual experiments performed. I used the three questions to help me preform my experiments. I also used description of each question stating what I will be doing along with pictures.

Step 4: Analysis
I used three charts to show my data. Each chart consisted of accurate information, labels, and an average total. I tested each experiment three separate times.

Step 5: Conclusion
The conclusion matched my hypothesis. I figured out the conclusion with the end results, experiments, and numbers in my charts.

10. Talk about the repeatability of experiemnet? What is the average values?
The repeatability of an experiment shows accuracy and reliability. It is doing an experiment several times in case something went wrong in the first trial. By doing it three times is shows consistency and a better end result. I had an average value for each of the questions:

Does hot or cold water freeze faster?

Hot Water Cold Water

Average:
10 minutes 12seconds
8 minutes 32 seconds


Does hot or cold water boil faster?
Hot Water Cold Water

Average:
1 minute 35 seconds
2 minutes 23 seconds


Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?
Salt Water Regular Water

Average:
40 minutes 14 seconds
10 minutes 56 seconds



11. Write a three paragraph statement about your experiment and connections to a real-world application. First paragraph: Intro of the science concepts. Second paragraph describe your experiment, data and conclusions. Third paragraph:Apply your science concepts and knowledge to a real-world application. After reading these paragraphs, a person should realize why these science concepts are important while gaining knowledge related to the topic.

This experiment introduced several scientific concepts. One we used was the scientific hypotheses. We had to have three different hypotheses to set a testable explanation and set a base of our experiment. We had to see if we were accurate through the steps of the scientific method which are: observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, and conclusion. We also developed an experiment that involves three states of matter: liquid, solid, and gas.
I learned a lot preforming these experiments. The scientific method helped me realize that the more detail and specific facts that are presented in an experiment provide accuracy. I preformed all three experiments that matched my hypothesis and in the end were my conclusion results. The cold water froze faster than hot water, the hot water boiled faster than the cold water, and that regular water froze faster than salt water.
These experiments showed me some helpful daily life tips. For example, when it is icy outside or in front of my door, I can apply salt to prevent more ice from forming. I also found out that hot water boils faster than cold water which can help when it comes to cooking. If ice is needed for a gathering and I am running out of time, I will now know that cold water will freeze faster. These three experiments provided me with more reasons and facts for my conclusion.